The Fish and Wildlife Management Assistance Program and the National Fish Hatchery System are the two primary programs that make up the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The Fisheries program began in 1875. Fishermen from across the United States count on the Fisheries program to maintain the fish population and to ensure future fishing opportunities. They are especially responsible for monitoring species of fish that are in danger of extinction and educating the public about their conservation.

The Fish and Wildlife Service provides management services through the Fish and Wildlife Management Assistance program. Essentially, they are responsible for planning and overseeing the development or redevelopment of endangered species. They are not directly involved in the repopulating; they simply provide a plan for doing it. After the hatchery fish are placed into a natural habitat, the Management Assistance program is responsible for monitoring population numbers, and determining whether a specific program is effective. In addition to all of this, they are responsible for educating the public about conservation of a fish species and aquatic life.

The National Fish Hatchery program has multi-functional responsibilities. They use hatcheries to breed fish that have no genetic defects and then place them into the wild to repopulate in areas that are depleted. The hatchery workers do research to identify and try to prevent disease that may be affecting fish and aquatic wildlife. In addition to all of this, they also provide refuge habitats to fish that have become an endangered species, as an attempt to allow them time to breed for the purpose of repopulating.

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